Bachelor’s Degree Programme(BSCG)– INSECT VECTORS AND VECTOR BORNE DISEASES Answer | BZYET-143(Q-2)

2. Write short notes on the following:
i) Mouthpart modifications in insects
ii) Types of antennae in insects
iii) Typical structure of insect wing
iv) Leg modification in insects

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Answer:

(i) Labrum – a cover that may be loosely referred to as the upper lip.
– Mandibles – hard, powerful cutting jaws.
– Maxillae – ‘pincers’ which are less powerful than the mandibles. They are used to steady and manipulate the food. They have a five-segmented palp which is sensory and often concerned with taste.
– Labium – the lower cover, often referred to as the lower lip. It actually represents the fused pair of ancestral second maxillae. They have a three-segmented palp which is also sensory.
– Hypopharynx – a tongue-like structure in the floor of the mouth. The salivary glands discharge saliva through it.

(ii) Filiform = thread-like
– Moniliform = beaded
– Serrate = sawtoothed
– Setaceous = bristle-like
– Lamellate = nested plates
– Pectinate = comb-like
– Plumose = long hairs
– Clavate = gradually clubbed
– Capitate = abruptly clubbed
– Aristate = pouch-like with one lateral bristle

(iii) Each of the wings consists of a thin membrane supported by a system of veins. The membrane is formed by two layers of integument closely apposed, while the veins are formed where the two layers remain separate; sometimes the lower cuticle is thicker and more heavily sclerotized under a vein. Within each of the major veins there is a nerve and a trachea, and, since the cavities of the veins are connected with the hemocoel, hemolymph can flow into the wings.

(iv) Modification of Insect’s legs

– Ambulatorial (Walking Legs),
– Cursorial (Running leg),
– Saltatorial (Jumping leg),
– Scansorial (Clining leg),
– Fossorial (Digging leg),
– Raptorial (Grasping leg),
– Natatorial (Swimming leg),
– Sticking leg,
– Basket-like leg,
– Foragial leg

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