Ignou Assignment Solutions148

10. a) List five control measures that you will take at home to keep the house flies away. b) Explain the concept of Integrated Vector Management.  -- Answer: a) Fice Control measures that you will...

9. i) Fill in the blanks. a) The life cycle of Phlebotomus argentipes consists of 4 stages namely eggs, larva, ………………… and ………………… . b) Freshly laid eggs of sandflies are creamy...

8. i) Give differences between the following: a) Extrinsic incubation period and intrinsic incubation period b) Transverse and vertical transmission c) Urban cycle and sylvatic cycle ii) Draw labeled diagrams...

7. i) Fill in the blanks: a) Culex-borne diseases can be controlled by killing …….……….. in their breeding grounds and ……………….. using space ……………… . b) Stagnant water bodies...

6. a) Describe the life cycle of the Anopheles mosquito. b) Explain the epidemiology of malarial parasites. -- Answer: a) Mosquitoes lay eggs directly on the water (Culex, Culiseta, Anopheles) or on...

5. Write short notes on the following: a) Medical importance of lice. b) Medically important Insect Orders. -- Answer: a) All Phthiraptera are blood-sucking ectoparasites of mammals, and among the four...

4. Write short notes on the following: i) Prevention of control measures of fleas ii) Typhus fever iii) Tunga penetrans iv) Transmission of plague -- Answer: (i) Prevention of Control measures of fleas...

3. a) Write a short note on host-parasite interactions and its importance for public health. b) What are different adaptations adopted by vectors? -- Answer: a) The host-parasite relationship must be...

2. Write short notes on the following: i) Mouthpart modifications in insects ii) Types of antennae in insects iii) Typical structure of insect wing iv) Leg modification in insects -- Answer: (i) Labrum...

1. “Insects are a diverse group of animals that are well adapted to different environments” Justify the statement. -- Answer: Insects are the largest and most diverse group of organisms on Earth....

11. Explain any five immunological tools and techniques. -- Answer: This is an experimental method used for studying the structure and functions of the immune system. There are different techniques,...

10. Enumerate and described the cells of immune system. -- Answer: A cell that is part of the immune system and helps the body fight infections and other diseases. Immune cells develop from stem cells...

9. Classify the different types of vaccines. -- Answer: There are several different types of vaccines. Each type is designed to teach your immune system how to fight off certain kinds of germs—and...

8. Fill in the blanks: i) Humoral immunity results in circulation of ………………. throughout the blood. ii) The ………………. portion of antibody provides antigen-binding sites. iii) In complement...

7. Discuss different cytokines that act as mediators of innate and adaptive immune systems. -- Answer: Cytokines and chemokines are hormone-like messengers which act to regulate the development and expression...

6. Explain: i) Precipitation ii) Neutralization iii) Agglutination iv) Opsonisation with reference to antigen-antibody interactions. -- (i) Precipitation is the formation of an insoluble molecule in...

5. Explain different pathways that activate complement system and its various effects to eliminate the pathogens.  -- Answer: The three pathways of complement activation: are classical, lectin, and...

4. Write a comparative note on the role of Thymus and Bone marrow with respect to immune response. -- Answer: Thmus - THE THYMUS IS A PRIMARY LYMPHOID ORGAN ESSENTIAL FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF T LYMPHOCYTES...

3. Expand the following terms: i) PAMPs ii) PRPs iii) DAMPs iv) MBL v) ADCC -- Answer : (i) PAMPs - Pathogen-associated molecular patterns (ii) PRPs - Prion Protein (iii) DAMPs - Damage Associated Molecular...

2. Define the following terms: i) Tolerance ii) Autoimmunity iii) Phagocytic barriers of innate immunity iv) Inflammation v) Epitope -- (i) The capacity of the body to endure or become less responsive...